PHOENIX CONTACT | Railway Guide - Information Guide to Railway Standards Version 1.0

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Foreword There are already many excellent technical books on the various trades and tasks in railway operations. These deal with the topics from the author's specific perspective in a competent manner and with the necessary level of detail. As a component supplier for the railway sector, however, another perspective must be taken into consideration. Components are not tied to a specific trade, but rather are used in a large number of various applications. An understanding of the entire bandwidth of applications is necessary in order to implement these components correctly. Relevant standards are a key element connecting the applications and individuals involved in railway operations. Recognition of this served as the motivation to create this document. Regulations and standards create a common global foundation for suppliers, the railway industry, railway operators, and relevant official agencies. A good understanding and correct application of relevant standards are essential and help ensure smooth and safe railway operation. This document provides an overview of relevant standards and provides basic information to help readers understand them. It primarily deals with standards that relate to electrical installation materials, which are part of the Phoenix Contact product portfolio. First, the document deals with the topic of fire protection and thus with EN 45545‑2. Additional chapters are already being prepared and will follow at a later date. The information collected here cannot be a finished work, even of the topic of fire protection. Instead, it will be updated regularly over time on the basis of further experience. We therefore welcome you to contribute to this goal by asking questions or sharing feedback regarding the contents and design, and by also providing practical application examples. 2 Phoenix Contact

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Railway technology products Clear, compact, and to the point A large number of high requirements apply to railway technology products, such as requirements for fire protection, shock and vibration, temperature range, and electromagnetic compatibility. We offer a compact summary, available for download, that shows you which of these standardized requirements are met by the respective product groups. You can download our product list at the following link: phoenixcontact.com/railway_product_list Railway Product List Electrotechnical products qualified for railway 4 Phoenix Contact

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles 1 EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles Conformity with the requirements of EN 45545 determines whether a component may be used in a rail vehicle from the standpoint of a fire protection technology. Therefore, both the manufacturer and the user must have a good understanding of EN 45545. The goal of this section is to provide you guidelines that will be useful in your particular applications. This makes it easier to become familiar with the topic, makes the structure and design of the standard easier to understand, and explains it in a practical way. The standard defines fire protection technology requirements for all flammable materials used on rail vehicles. Since we also produce these components for the railway industry, these also apply to our railway‑specific product portfolio. This document has been created based on many years of practical experience in using electrical installation materials and is therefore restricted to these. Relevant topics such as conformity, classification, and certification are addressed for these products. 1.1 History of EN 45545 EN 45545‑2, "Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 2: Requirements for fire behavior of materials and components" defines the fire protection requirements for materials and components used on rail vehicles. It is therefore purely a material testing standard and is thus a certification from a manufacturer. Its ratification standardized the various national fire protection standards in Europe. It replaces, for instance, the German standard DIN 5510, the French standard NF F 16‑101/‑102, British standard BS 6853, and Italian standard UNI‑CEI 11170‑1/‑2/‑3. EN 45545 is also accepted and applied in many parts of the world outside of Europe. BS6853 NF F 16‑101/‑102 DIN 5510 UNI‑CEI 11170‑1/2/3 RENFE DT‑PCI/A5 6 Phoenix Contact EN 45545 replaces national fire protection standards

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles 1.3 Basic terms 1.3.1 Requirement set Each requirement set contains a list of the fire protection technology requirements to be taken into consideration. The requirement sets are designated with the letter R (requirement set) and a serial number, such as R22. There are a total of 26 requirement sets (R1 to R26), which contain between one and six requirements. There are three requirements in requirement set R22: the oxygen index, the smoke gas toxicity, and the smoke gas development. 1.3.2 Hazard level The hazards levels are used to define the limit values to be complied when testing the fire protection technology. The hazard level is defined by the operating class and design classification of a train. These terms are defined in EN 45545‑1. Tunnel operation and evacuation possibilities, for instance, are taken into consideration in the operating class. The design classifications differ, for instance, between double‑decker vehicles or sleeper cars. Examples of the hazard level determined with the operating class and design classification: • Above‑ground operation, standard vehicle  HL1 • No side evacuation route, sleeper car  HL3 8 Phoenix Contact Requirement set Requirement (assessment parameter) Oxygen index R22 Smoke gas development Smoke gas toxicity Requirement set with assessment parameters The primary requirement sets relevant for Phoenix Contact are: • R26 as listed material for terminals • R15 as listed material for internal cables • R22, R23, and R24 for the grouping rules  The dependencies between the requirement sets are dealt with in section 1.4.4 Multiple classification. Operating class Standard vehicles Vehicles for automatic driving operation Double decker vehicles Sleeper and couchette cars Design classification HL1 1 2 3 4 HL2 HL3 Simplified representation of assignment to the hazard levels HL1, therefore, represents the lowest and HL3 the highest requirements. The actual HL required, however, is defined by the manufacturer and/or the operator.

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles 1.4 Fire protection technology verifications of conformity assessment Conformity with fire protection technology requirements must be verified for the components and materials to be used in the train. The certifications necessary for verification and validation of the design must conform to the specifications of EN 45545. These specifications apply to both the testing and classification reports as well as to the required accreditation of the laboratory. To assess the conformity, the various parts of EN 45545 each refer to EN 45545‑1. Therefore, Part 1 includes the regulations for the conformity assessment for all standardized parts. EN 45545‑1 requires different verifications, depending on the standard part that references this. Section 8.2 Design Verification and Validation defines that the declarations of conformity must contain a confirmation of and/or the results from test reports on the fire behavior of materials and/or components for EN 45545‑2. In typical cases, EN 45545‑2 is relevant for the Phoenix Contact portfolio. The declaration of conformity can therefore be completed with the results of the fire protection technology tests in the test reports. The FCIL (Fire Certificate Inventory List) from Unife is one option for doing this. The alternative option for confirmation is a classification report. However, this is not a standardized requirement. A component or material is classified following issuance of the declaration of conformity. Classification is therefore the process of determining and documenting the hazard level (HL1‑HL3) for a requirement set. For Phoenix Contact products, the materials from which the item is made are typically classified. In addition to the specifications on the declaration of conformity, EN 45545‑1 also defines under 8.2 Design Verification and Validation that the testing laboratories that conduct the tests must be accredited in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025. 1.4.1 Test reports To verify the fire protection technology characteristics, it is necessary to carry out the tests indicated in the relevant requirement set, taking into account the applicable testing parameters. The test report contains the values measured for the tests to be completed as the testing result. It must also include a unique test report number and the date of issue. 1.4.2 Classification reports The classification report is prepared based on the test report(s). It must have a unique classification report number, date of issue, and reference to the test reports. 10 Phoenix Contact

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles 1.5 Fire protection technology assessment process EN 45545‑2 requires a step‑by‑ step process for completing the fire protection technology assessment. First, the assessment must determine whether the component is a so‑called listed component. This means that the component is included in a tabulated list of the standard. If this is the case, the relevant requirements must be taken from this list and applied. The procedure for listed components is described in section 1.5.1. If the component is not listed material, there are two options. First, it is possible to apply the requirements for non‑listed components, see section 1.5.2 "Non‑listed components." Alternatively, the standard offers the option of applying the so‑called grouping rules. These are explained in section 1.5.3 "Grouping rules." Start Listed component? No Yes Apply the requirements for listed components Apply the requirements for non listed components Apply the requirements of the grouping rules Alternatively Flow chart of the procedure 12 Phoenix Contact

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles 1.5.3 Grouping rules The grouping rules provide a way to classify components that are not part of the listed components but can also cannot be classified as non‑listed components. Various factors such as the flammable mass, distance, fire protection technology separation, and existing classifications must be taken into consideration and combined when applying the grouping rules. The fire protection technology requirements increase as the mass of the components to be assessed increases. These range from "no requirements" to the requirements of requirement set R22. Grouping in the sense of EN 45545‑2 means adding together the flammable masses of all components to be taken into consideration. The fire protection technology assessment must be carried out for the calculated (grouped) flammable mass. The grouping rules can typically be applied to Phoenix Contact products. The following apply to the components to be taken into consideration: • The exposed area must be ≤0.2 m². • The mass must be >10 g. • The distance regulation must be taken into consideration. Components that have an effective separation through fire protection technology do not need to be taken into consideration. The limit values for the flammable mass must be taken into consideration when applying the respective grouping rule. The following section uses the values for interior use to explain the system. The limit values for exterior use are listed in the summary at the end of this section. 14 Phoenix Contact

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles Requirements interior zone Requirement set R22 R24 Smoke gas development Smoke gas toxicity Oxygen index Oxygen index No requirements (Contact1) No requirements (Distance2) 10 g 100 g 500 g Mass 10‑gram rule Grouping rule 1 Grouping rule 2 Grouping rule 3 1 Contact permitted only with classified components 2 The distance rule must be observed Grouping rule 1 Individual components or grouped components with a flammable mass of up to 100 g are not included in the fire protection technology assessment. The minimum distances indicated in the distance rule must be complied with here. Grouping rule 2 Individual components or grouped components with a flammable mass of up to 500 g must fulfill the requirements of requirement set R24. However, this requirement only applies for a mass exceeding 100 g. Grouping rule 3 Individual components or grouped components with a flammable mass over 500 g must fulfill the requirements of requirement set R22. However, this requirement only applies for a mass exceeding 500 g. > 10 g … 100 g > 100 g … 500 g > 500 g 16 Phoenix Contact

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Railway Guide | EN 45545 – Fire protection on rail vehicles 1.6 Application examples for grouping rules The application examples make it easier to understand and thus to apply the grouping rules. They show that the use of a component in a train depends not only on the material characteristics and mass, but also on the distance and any existing separation by fire protection technology. The applicable hazard level is specified by the manufacturer or operator. It is a static requirement for the project. HL2 is defined as the requirement for all of the examples in this section. However, the fact that a component can have different HL ratings for different requirement sets must be taken into consideration. For example, RL24 HL3 classification and R22 HL1 classification are possible at the same time. Which requirement set applies to a certain use case is determined through application of the grouping rules. Examples 5 and 6 show that a different requirement set will apply to the same components if the distance is reduced. The HL rating of a component for a requirement set is a material characteristic that has been determined through fire protection technology tests. After determining the applicable requirement set, refer to the product documentation for the appropriate HL rating. This HL rating must be greater than or equal to the HL rating in the requirement. With the exception of example 7, all of the following examples are designed for interior use within the train. The relevant limit values for flammable mass apply to implementation of the grouping rules. HL2 HL2 HL2 8 g R24 HL1 7 g R24 HL3 95 g R24 HL1 95 g No HL 8 g R24 HL1 7 g R24 HL3 95 g R24 HL1 Example 1 The HL1 classification of the components does not conform to the HL2 requirement. According to grouping rule 1, however, no requirements apply to the component in consideration of the distance rule. Use is permitted. Example 2 There are no requirements for components <10 g, since they do not come into contact with any other components. The 95 g component is not classified. Grouping rule 1 should be applied. Therefore, there are no requirements for the components. Use is permitted. Example 3 The HL1 components should be grouped, but not the HL3 components. The grouped mass is 103 g. Therefore, according to grouping rule 2, requirement set R24 should be applied. The grouped components are classified as HL1 for R24. The HL2 requirement is not fulfilled and use is not permitted. 18 Phoenix Contact

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Railway Guide Closing remarks This document provides an overview of EN 45545‑2. The goal is to provide an introduction to help readers understand and correctly apply the standard. Many years of practical experience among Phoenix Contact specialists were consulted when selecting and structuring the content. This experience is reflected in the section on grouping rules, for instance. Correctly applying the grouping rules requires considering the complex interactions between flammable mass, material properties, distances of the components to one another, the installation location, and effective separation through fire protection technology. In order to ensure a solid understanding for this, we not only explained the rules but also built up practical examples by using simple graphical elements. However, dealing with all aspects of EN 45545‑2 in full is not the goal of this document. Therefore, readers should have the standard available in order to compare the information given here with the content of the standard and to expand and deepen their knowledge. When deciding on which components to use in rail vehicles, it is absolutely essential to obtain the standard, as it is the only one that is authoritative in this respect. This document is not a replacement for the standard. 20 Phoenix Contact

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